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1 κλονέω
κλον-έω, mostly in [tense] pres.: [tense] fut. - ήσω Ar.Eq. 361:—[voice] Pass. also mostly in [tense] pres.: [tense] fut.Aκλονήσομαι Hp.Genit.2
: [tense] aor. part.κλονηθέν Id.Nat. Puer.30
: ([etym.] κλόνος):—poet. Verb, used also in [dialect] Ion. and late Prose, as Ph. (v. infr.), Aq.Ge.45.24, al.: Hom. (only in Il.) drive tumultuously or in confusion,πρὸ ἕθεν κλονέοντα φάλαγγας Il.5.96
;ὥς τ' ἠὲ βοῶν ἀγέλην ἢ πῶϋ μέγ' οἰῶν θῆρε δύω κλονέωσι 15.324
; of winds,νέφεα κλονέοντε πάροιθεν 23.213
, cf. Hes.Op. 553;κλονέων ἄνεμος φλόγα εἰλυφάζει Il.20.492
;ὣς ἔφεπε κλονέων πεδίον 11.496
, cf. 526; Ἕκτορα δ' ἀσπερχὲς κλονέων ἔφεπ' 22.188; χερὶ κλονέειν τινά, of a pugilist, Pi.I.8(7).70; ; dub. sens. in Sapph.Supp.19.3: generally, harass, agitate,καί νιν οὐ θάλπος θεοῦ.., οὐδὲ πνευμάτων οὐδὲν κλονεῖ S.Tr. 146
;τόνδε.. ἆται κ. Id.OC 1244
(lyr.), cf. Ar.Eq. 361;πάθη κ. τὴν ψυχήν Ph.1.589
; in physical sense,βῆχες κ. τὸν θώρηκα Aret.CA1.10
:—[voice] Pass., to be agitated, Hp. ll.cc., Morb.4.55.2 abs., of the winds, rage, D.P. 464.II [voice] Pass., rush wildly,ἵππους ἐχέμεν, μηδὲ κλονέεσθαι ὁμίλῳ Il. 4.302
; to be driven in confusion, , cf. 11.148, 14.59, etc.;λαίλαπι κλονεύμενοι Semon.1.15
; ;τὸ συμπόσιον ἐκλονεῖτο τῷ γέλωτι Luc.Asin.47
;κλονεῖσθαι τὴν γαστέρα Ael.NA2.44
.2 abs., to be beaten by the waves, (lyr.); παρὰ δ' ἰχθύες ἐκλονέοντο beside the fishes tumbled, Hes.Sc. 317; of bees, swarm,βομβηδὸν κ. A.R.2.133
: metaph.,κ. ἡ οἰκουμένη Ph.1.298
; to be shaken in credit, refuted,τὸ κεκλονημένον ῥῆμα Porph.Chr.35
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2 αὐλός
αὐλός, ὁ,A pipe, flute, clarionet, Il.10.13, 18.495, h.Merc. 452;Λύδιος Pi.O.5.19
; Ἔλυμος, i.e. Φρύγιος (q. v.), S.Fr. 398; ; αὐ. γυναικήιος, ἀνδρήιος, Hdt.1.17; αὐ. ἀνδρεῖοι, παιδικοί, παρθένιοι, Ath.4.176f, Poll.4.81;ὁ παρθένιος αὐ. τοῦ παιδικοῦ ὀξύτερος Arist. HA 581b11
;διδύμοις αὐλοῖσιν ἀεῖσαι Theoc.Ep.5.1
;ἐμφυσᾶν εἰς αὐλούς D.S.3.59
; αὐ. Ἐνυαλίου, i.e. a trumpet, AP6.151 (Tymn.); ὑπ' αὐλοῦ to the sound of the flute, Hdt. l. c.; πρὸς τὸν αὐ., ὑπὸ τὸν αὐ., X.Smp.6.3, etc.: pl., αὐλοὶ πηκτίδος pipes of the πηκτίς, IG4.53 ([place name] Aegina).2 hollow tube, pipe, groove, περόνη τέτυκτο αὐλοῖσιν διδύμοισι the buckle was furnished with two pipes or grooves (into which the tongue fitted), Od.19.227; ἐγκέφαλος παρ' αὐλὸν ἀνέδραμε spirted up beside the vizard (cf. αὐλῶπις), or beside the socket of the spear-head into which the shaft fitted, Il.17.297; but in Od. 22.18 αὐλὸς παχύς means the jet of blood through the tube of the nostril; αὐλὸς ἐκ χαλκείου the smith's bellows, Hp.Art.47,77, cf. Th.4.100; tube of the clepsydra, Arist.Pr. 914b14;βλέπειν δι' αὐλοῦ Id.GA 780b19
.3 in animals, blow-hole of cetacea, Id.HA 589b19, PA 697a17; funnel of a cuttle-fish, Id.HA 524a10; conus arteriosus in fishes, ib. 507a10, Resp. 478b8; duct, prob. in Id.GC 322a28.6 cow-bane, Cicuta virosa, Ps.-Plu.Fluv.10.3.7 εἶδος ἀκολάστου σχήματος, EM170.28. -
3 ῥέμβομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to go about, to wander, to roam around, to act at random' (hell. a. late).Other forms: only pres. except ῥεμφθῆναι ῥέμβεσθαι H.Compounds: Rarely w. ἀπο- a.o.Derivatives: ῥεμβώδη-'walking about, aimless, idle' (Plb., Plu.), to which as backformation ῥέμβος m. `wandering about' (Plu., Aret.), adj. ῥεμβός (late), f. - άς (LXX as v. l.). Enlargements: ῥεμβ-εύω ( κατα- ῥέμβομαι) = ῥέμβομαι, - ασμός m. `roaming' (LXX; *-άζομαι). -- With ablaut ῥόμβος, also ῥύμβος (acc. to gramm. Att.) m. `circular movement, top, hummingtop, magic wheel, tambourine' (Pi., Critias, E.), geom. `rhombus' (Arist., Euc. a.o.; on the meaning Gow JHSt. 54, 1ff., Mugler Dict. géom. s.v.), also n. of a flatfish, `turbot' v.t. (Ath. a.o.; Strömberg Fischn. 38, Thompson Fishes s.v.); ῥομβο-ειδής `rhombus-like, rhomboidic' (Hp., Euc. etc.). From it 1. dimin. ῥυμβ-ίον n. `little top' (sch.); 2. ῥομβ-ωτός `having the form of a rhombus' (hell. a. late); 3. - ηδόν `in the way of a rh.' (Man.); 4. - έω ( ῥυ-) `to go in circles' (Pl. a.o.) with - ητής m. `top' (Orph.), ἐπι- ῥέμβομαι `to whirl like a hummingtop' (Sapph.); - όομαι `to be turned into a rh.' (Hero). Also ῥυμβ-όνες f. pl. `wrigglings' of a snake (A. R.; cf. ἀγκ-όνες a.o.), - ονάω ( ῥεμβ-) `to sway, to hurl away' (Phld., Ael.; after σφενδονάω).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: ῥόμβος already in Pi., proves also for the much later attested primary ῥέμβομαι an early date. The byform ῥύμβος reminds of cases like ῥοφέω: ῥυφέω (cf. Schwyzer 351 f.); note also ῥυβόν ἐπικαμ-πές (EM, Hdn. Gr.). -- With ῥέμβομαι one might compare Germ., MLG wrimpen `contract (one's face), rümpfen' (Persson Beitr. 1, 498). An IE *u̯remb- seems nevertheless doubtful, first because of the deviating meanings, second because we have to reckon with several kinds of rhiming formations (s. lit. in Persson l.c. and WP. 1, 276). At least as uncertain is the comparison with Lith. reñgtis `bow, buck' (de Saussure MSL 8, 443 n.) a.o. (s. Lidén Ein balt.-slav. Anlautges. 14 f.). Together with ῥάμφος, ῥέμφος, ῥάμνος, ῥάβδος, ῥέπω, ῥέμβομαι forms a rather motley heap, in which one finds a root u̯er- enlarged with a labial (β, φ, π) with the most flexible meaning `turn'; beside the labials one finds also velar and dental enlargements, s. WP. 1, 270ff., Pok. 1152ff. (after Persson Beitr. 1, 497ff.). -- The forms with ῥυμβ-, ῥυβ- seem to point to a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,648-649Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥέμβομαι
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4 κηρός (2)
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `wax' (Od.).Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. in κηρό-δε-τος `with wax fitted together' (Theoc. a. o.), κηρο-πλάσ-της `wax-sculptor' (Pl.), κηρο-τακ-ίς f. "hot plate", (to keep wax paints hot) ( PHolm. 6, 33; cf. Lagercrantz ad loc.); as 2. member e. g. in πισσό-κηρος m. `propolis, a mix of resin and wax, with which bees line their hives, bee-bread' (Arist., Plin.; beside it κηρό-πισσος `ointment from wax and resin' [Hp.], cf. Risch IF 59, 58), μελί-κηρος `bee-wax' (pap.); beside it: μελι-κήρ-ιον `honeycomb' (Sm.), μελι-κηρ-ίς `id.', metaph. `cyst or wen' (which resembles a honeycomb) (Hp., pap.), μελί-κηρᾰ f. `spawn of the murex' (Arist.).Derivatives: 1. κηρίον `wax-cake, honeycomb' (IA. h. Merc. 559; Zumbach Neuerungen 11) with κηρίδιον (Aët.), κηριώδης `honeycomb-like' (Thphr.), κηρίωμα `tearing eyes' (S. Fr. 715), κηριάζω `spawn', of the purple (snail), as its spawn resembles a honeycomb (Arist.). - 2. κήρινος `of wax' (Alcm., Att.) with κηρίνη (sc. ἔμπλαστρος) name of a plaster (medic.); 3. κήρινθος m. `bee-bread' (Arist., Plin., H.; on the identical GN s. v. Blumenthal ZONF 13, 251); 4. κηρίων, - ωνος `wax-candle, -torch' (Plu., Gal.; Chantraine Formation 165, Schwyzer 487); 5. κηρών, - ῶνος `bee-hive' (sch.); 6. κηρίς fish-name = κιρρίς? (Diph. Siph., Alex. Trall.; s. κιρρός), prob. after the yellow colour; cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 20f., Thompson Fishes s. v.; 7. κηρῖτις ( λίθος) `wax-like stone' (Plin. HN 37, 153: "cerae similis"; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55); 8. *κηροῦσσα in Lat. cērussa `white-lead' ( Plaut.; cf. W.-Hofmann s. v. and Friedmann Die jon. u. att. Wörter im Altlatein 94f.). - Denominative verbs: 1. κηρόομαι, - όω `be covered with wax resp. cover' (Hp., Herod., AP) with κήρωσις `bee-wax' (Arist.); κήρωμα `wax-ointment, -plaster' (Hp.; cf. Chantraine Formation 186f., Lat. cērōma), - ματικός, - ματίτης, - ματιστής (Redard 47); κηρωτή `id.' (Hp., Ar., Dsc.) with κηρωτάριον `id.' (medic.); 2. κηρίζω `look like wax' (Zos. Alch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The connexion by Curtius 149 with a Baltic word for `honeycomb', Lith. korỹs, Latv. kâre(s), is rejected or doubted by several scholars (Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 18ff., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. korỹs, Specht Ursprung 52). As a Dor. *κᾱρός cannot be shown (Osthoff l. c.) and as borrowing of IA. κηρός in another language cannot be demonstrated, the comparison seems impossible (Lith. has IE.ā, the Greek form ē). As further for the Indoeuropeans bee-culture can hardly be expected (on IE. names for the products of bees s. on μέλι and μέθυ), one must reckon for κηρός with foreign origin (cf. Haupt Actes du 16éme congr. des orientalistes [1912] 84f., Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 140f., Chantraine Formation 371, Deroy Glotta 35, 190, Alessio Studi etr. 19, 161ff., Belardi Doxa 3, 210). - From κηρός prob. as LW [loanword] Lat. cēra (-a after tabella, crēta; details in W.-Hofmann s. v.); from Lat. cēreolus Gr. κηρίολος `wax-candle' (Ephesos IIp). The word κήρινθος `bee-bread' seems Pre-Greek. Wrong Huld in EIEC 637Page in Frisk: 1,843-844Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κηρός (2)
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5 πλώω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to swim', aor. etc. (ep. Ion. Il.) also `to sail, to go by sea' (beside pres. πλέω; on πλώω: πλέω Bechtel Dial. 3, 196ff., 208).Other forms: Aor. πλῶ-ναι ( ἐπ-έπλων etc., Hom., Hes.), πλῶσαι (Γ 47: ptc. ἐπι-πλώσας; Hdt., Arr.), fut. πλώσ-ομαι (Hdt.), -ω (Lyc.), perf. πέπλωκα (Hdt., Lyc.; also E. Hel. 532 and Ar. Th. 878 [parody]),Derivatives: Prob. all derivv. are from Ion. (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 3 f.). Adj. 1. πλω-τός ( πρόσ-, ἔκ-πλώω) `swimming, navigable' (κ 3 [on the explanation Giusti Il. mondo class. 7, 63ff.], Hp., Hdt., Arist.) with - τίς f. approx. `raft' (Demetr. Astrol.), - τεύομαι `to be navigated, cruised' (Plb.); 2. πλω-τικός `seafaring' (hell.); 3. - σιμος `navigable, seaworthy' (S., Diogenian.), rather from πλῶσαι than from *πλῶσις; thus πλώ-ϊμος beside and for πλόϊμος (s. on πλέω w. lit.). Subst. 4. κατάπλω-σις f. `home-coming by sea' (Herod.); 5. πλωτήρ m. `sailor' (rare in E., Ar., Pl., often in Arist. etc.), `swimmer' (Opp., Nonn.); 6. πλω-άδες, -ϊάδες (Thphr.), - ίδες (A. R.) f. pl. `swimming, flowing'; also 7. πλώς, pl. πλῶτες name of a fish, = κεστρεύς, if prop. "swimmer" (cf. Thompson Fishes s. πλῶτα); but δακρυπλώειν (τ 122) not denomin. from *δακρυ-πλώς, but after δάκρυ χέων, χέουσα built as univerbation; cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 36 w. n. 1 a. lit. 8. Verb: πλω-ΐζω (- ῴζω) `to go by sea' (Hes., Th.) with -ϊσις f. `seafaring' (Just.).Etymology: The above forms are not unambiguous. The aorist ἔπλων ( ἐπ-έπλων, ἀπ-έπλω a. o.) agrees with ἔγνων and so looks most like an athem. root-aorist (ptc. ἐπιπλώς Z 291 false for - πλούς?); to this as innovations ἔπλωσα-(ἔγνων: Skt. ájñāsam) and πλώω (cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 365)? Or the other way round (with Schwyzer 743 n.5 [asking]): ἔπλων secondary to older ἔπλωσα and this orig. to πλώω? In the first alternative we have no reason to keep ἔπλων etc. together with πλέω; in the second πλώω from *πλώϜ-ω is taken as lengthened deverbative (e.g. Schwyzer 722 and 349); to this analog. the other forms (cf. Schwyzer 346). The same lengthened grade is found in the Slav. iterative, e.g. OCS plavati, Russ. plávatь `swim (to and fro)'. A correspondent of πλω- however gives Germ. in OWNo. flōa, OE flōwan (w secondary) with Goth. flodus m. ' ποταμός (would be Gr. *πλω-τύς) a. o.; this too can go back on a reduplicated (?) IE * plō[u̯]-. If one decides for original πλω- from IE * plō- (* pleh₃-), this could be in ablaut with πλη- in πίμ-πλη-μι (Brugmann-Thumb 325 a. 327) [I see no reaon for this argumentation; I see no basis for a form * ploh₁-] which fits semantically worse than πλέω with πλώω. Frisk prefers explanation from *πλώϜ-ω. So either from a root * pleh₃-, or from a langthened grade deverbative *plōu̯-. -- Cf. πλέω, also πλύνω.Page in Frisk: 2,565-566Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλώω
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6 μύραινα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `kind of eel, murry' (Sophr., A., Ar.).Other forms: Epich. [ῡ]; σμύ̄ραινα (Pl. Com., Mnesim., Arist.).Derivatives: Beside it μῦρος (Dorio ap. Ath. 7, 312f), σμῦρος (Arist.) m. `kind of sea-eel; cf. e.g. λύκαινα: λύκος; extensive treatment in Thompson Fishes s.vv.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: No certain etymology. By Wood AmJPh 49, 172 connected with σμύρις `emery-powder' a.o. further connecting words for `grease, fat', e.g. OHG smero, IE * smer(u)- (WP. 2, 690, Pok. 970f.), which would fit well to the fat eel; but then the Greek u remains unexplained. To be rejected Strömberg Fischnamen 110: to μῦς `mouse' because of its sharp biting; semantically not sufficiently based and also morphologically not convincing. - A clear Pre-Greek word; the suffix - αινα is well known (Fur. 171 n. 117), the prothetic σ- is also well known from Pre-Greek; names of fishes are often Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,271Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μύραινα
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7 λευκός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `hell, clear, white' (Il.);Compounds: many compp., some with prefix, e. g. διά-, παρά-, ἐπί-, ὑπό-λευκος (Strömberg Prefix Studies 161).Derivatives: 1. Substantiv. with oppositive accent (Schwyzer 380 a. 420): λεύκη f. `white efflorescence' (IA.), `white poplar' (Att., hell.) with λεύκινος `of white poplar' (Arist., hell. inscr.), Λευκαῖος surn. of Zeus (Paus.), λευκαία (- έα) `white poplar etc.' (pap.); λεῦκος m. name of an unknown fish (Theoc.) with λευκίσκος m. `white mullet' (Hikes. ap. Ath., Gal.), s. Strömberg Fischnamen 22 f., Thompson Fishes s. vv. 2. f. λευκάς `white' (Nic.), as subst. rock- and islandname (ω 11), also plantname `Lamium' (Dsc.). 3. Further subst.: λευκότης f. `whiteness' (IA.), λευκίτας m. name of he-goat (Theoc. 5, 147; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 113), λεύκηθρον plantname (Dsc. 3, 96; v. l. λάκηθρον; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 147); Λεύκαρος (\< - αλος?), - αρίων PN (Epich., inscr.; Schulze Kl. Schr. 115 n. 3, v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1,65A.1; Leumann Glotta 32, 223 n. 2; also Δευκαλίων with diff. dissimilation?, s. Schulze l.c.); after Krahe IF 58, 132 Illyr. (beside GN Λευκάριστος), s. also Mayer Glotta 32, 82. - 4. Verbs: a. λευκαίνω `make white, colour...' (μ 172; cf. Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 219) with λεύκανσις (Arist.), λευκασία ( PHolm., Cyran.; on the formation Schwyzer 469) `bleaching, making white etc.'; also as rivern. in Messenia beside Λευκάσιον Arc. GN (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 2, 237; 5, 106 a. 217); λευκαντής, - τικός `white-painter' resp. `-painting' (Gloss., sch.). b. λευκόομαι, - όω `become white, make λευκός ' (Pi., Att.) with λεύκωμα `table painted white' (Att.), `white speck in the eye' (Arist., pap.) with - ωματικός, - ωματώδης, - ωματίζομαι (medic., sch.); λεύκωσις = λευκασία ( PHolm. 3, 6 [cf. Lagercrantz ad loc.]), - ωτής (- ωτός?; Att. inscr., meaning unknown). c. λευκαθέω only ptc. gen. pl. λευκαθεόντων `gleaming white' (Hes. Sc. 146), metr. reshaping at verse-end for λευκαθόντων from λευκάθω (Wackernagel Glotta 14, 44 ff. = Kl. Schr. 2, 852 ff.), with Λευκαθέα, with secondary o-vowel Λευκοθέα (Od., Pi.) name of a goddess, with τὰ Λευκάθεα feast on Teos, - θεών monthname (Ion.); lengthened form λευκαθίζω `gleam white' (Hdt., LXX), also - ανθίζω (after ἄνθος; empire), s. Wackernagel l.c. - On λεύσσω `see' s. v.Etymology: As original verbal noun with Skt. rocá- `lighting' identical, to rócatē `light'. An old ablauting verbal noun is Lat. lūcus `wood, forest', prop. `lighting' (with Jūnō Lūcīna ; s. Leumann Sprache 6, 156ff.), Lith. laũkas `field', Germ., e. g. OHG lōh `overgrown lighting', Skt. loká- m. `free space, world', IE * louko-s m. To this great wordgroup belongs from Greek a. o. λεύσσω, λύχνος, λοῦσσον, s. vv.Page in Frisk: 2,108-109Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λευκός
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8 σκια
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `shade' (Od.), also `variegated hem or edging of a dress' (hell. inschr. a. pap., Men.; Wilhelm Glotta 14, 82 f.).Other forms: ion. - ιήCompounds: E.g. σκια-τροφέω, - έομαι (Ion. σκιη-), Att. etc. also σκια - τραφέω, - έομαι (: σκια-τραφής like εὑτραφής a. o.; to τραφῆναι) `to live or to raise in the shadow, indoors, to grow up pampered' (IA.; after βου-κολέω a. o., Schwyzer 726); βαθύ-σκιος `with deep shadow, deeply shaded' (h. Merc. a. o.), κατά-, ἐπί-σκιος a. o. beside κατα-, ἐπι-σκιάζω; on δολιχό-σκιος s. δολιχός (aa. to am other interpretation [Prellwitz, also Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 119 f. w. n. 1 with Leumann] `with long ash').Derivatives: 1. σκιάς, - άδος f. `shade-roof, tent-roof, pavilion', also name of a θόλος in Athens etc. (Eup., Theoc., Att. inscr. a.o.). 2. σκιάδ-ιον n. `sunscreen' (com., Thphr. a. o.). 3. - ίσκη f. `id.' (Anacr.). 4. σκί-αινα f. (Arist.), - αινίς f. (Gal.; v. l. σκινίς), - αδεύς m. (hell. a. late) fishn. (after the dark colour, Strömberg 27, s. also Thompson Fishes s. σκίαινα; cf. Bosshardt 69; not correct Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 178 n. 3); to this σκιαθίς `id.' (Epich.), from the island namen Σκίαθος? (Strömberg l. c.). 5. σκι-όεις `rich of shadows, casting shade, shaded' (ep. poet. Il.; favoured by the metre, Schwyzer 527 w. lit., Sjölund Metr. Kürzung 149); - άεις (Hdn.; also Pi. Pae. 6, 17?). 6. - ερός, also - αρός `id.' (esp. ep. poet. Λ 480; Schwyzer 482 w. n. 8 a. lit., Chantraine Form. 230). 7. - ώδης `shadowy, dark' (Hp., E., Arist. a. o.). 8. - ακός `provided with shade' ( ὡρολόγιον Pergam. IIa; Hdn.). 9. - ωτός `provided with a hem (σκιά)' (Peripl. M. Rubr., pap.). -- 10. Denom. verb σκιάω (Od., hell. a. late epic), σκιάζω (IA.), σκιάσαι (Φ 232; after ἐλᾰ́-σαι a.o., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 410; metri. used, s. Debrunner REIE 1, 3), fut. Att. σκιῶ, late σκιάσω, perf. pass. ἐσκίασμαι (Semon., S. a. o.), aor. σκιασθῆναι (E., Pl., Arist.), also w. ἐπι-, κατα-, συν-, περι-, ἀπο-, `to shade, to overshadow, to shroud in darkness' (on the meaning Radermacher Festschr. Kretschmer 163 ff.); from this ( ὑπο-, συ-)σκίασις, ( ἐπι- etc.) σκιασμός, ( ἐπι- etc.) σκίασμα, σκιασ-τής, - τικός (almost always late); as backformations function the bahuvrihi κατα-, ἐπί-σκιος a. o. -- On σκιά and derivv. in Homer and in the Aeol. lyric Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 115ff., 213ff. (for Hom. not convincing).Etymology: Old word for `shadow', which with Alb. hije, Toch. B skiyo `id.' can be identified as IE *sḱii̯ā (Jokl Untersuchungen 63ff. with Meyer, cf. Mann Lang. 28, 39; v. Windekens Orbis 12, 193 with Couvreur Arch. Or. 18, 128). Besides in Indo-Iran. with lengthened grade Skt. chāyā́ f. `shadow', also `image, reflex, semblance', NPers. sāya `shadow' (Av. a-saya- `who throws no shadow': ἄ-σκιος) and with unclear basis Latv. sejs `id.' (Endzelin Zeitschr. slav. Phil. 16, 113f.). The word was orig. inflected with ablaut, approx. * skeh₁ieh₂, gen. * skh₁ieh₂-s (cf. on γλῶσσα). The assumption of IE ā[i]: i was based only on the connection with σκηνή, Dor. σκᾱνά̄ `tent', which is however improbable. -- An n-suffix is seen in Slavic, e.g. OCS sěnь, Russ. sénь f. `shadow' with uncertain vowel (IE ē, oi, ai, ǝi), thus after Jokl a. o. in the very complicated Alban. forms, e.g. hē, (h)ona; to this with r-n-change σκιερός, σκιαρός (Benveniste Origines 14). See Adams Dict. Toch B 706 s.v. skiyo. With t-suffix OIr. scāth `shadow' (after Vendryes Ét. celt. 7, 438 with Fick); diff. s. σκότος. -- Whether the hapaxes σκαιός `shadowy' (Nic. Th. 660) and σκοιός in H. ( σκοιά σκοτεινά, σκοιόν... σύσκιον) can be considered as representatives of a in Greek still existing ablaut (Solmsen Unt. 278 n. 2 [p. 279f.]), is uncertain. -- Mayrhofer EWAia 1, 559 recontructs * skeh₁-ieh₂-, from which the Skt. form can be explained. Lubotsky however, Incontri lingu. 24 (2001), 34f. is not certains about the evidence for h₁, and starts from the oblique cases * skH-ieh₂-, which became *skHii̯- with Sievers, and * skiH-eh₂- with metathesis; this may have been the basis of the Greek form.Page in Frisk: 2,730-731Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκια
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9 θρᾶνος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `bench, supporting beams' (Att. a. hell. inschr., Ar.).Dialectal forms: Myc. ta-ra-nu.Derivatives: Diminutive θρανίον `id.' (Ar.) with θρανίδιον (Ar.); θρανίτης `rower of the upper of the three rows' (Th., Ar.; s. Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 128ff.), f. θρανῖτις ( κώπη; Attica), with θρανιτικός (Callix.); θρανίας m. (Marcell. Sid.), θρᾶνις or - ίς (Xenokr.) = ξιφίας, `swordfish', after the form of the upper jaw, cf. Thompson Fishes s. v. Denominative verb θρανεύω `to stretch to the tanner's board' (Ar. Eq. 369; θρανεύεται συντρίβεται H.) with ἀθράνευτον ἄστρωτον H. (= E. Fr. 569); to συν-θρανόω, θρανύσσω s. v. - Beside it θρῆνυς, - υος m. `footstool' (Hom.; cf. Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 8; Chantraine Formation 118; improbable Benveniste Origines 56), with secondary κ-enlargement (Chantraine 383, Schwyzer 496 n. 6) θρῆνυξ, - υκος (Euph.), θρᾶνυξ (Corinn.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: If νο- or. νυ- is a suffix, we can connect the aor. inf. θρή-σασθαι (only Philet. 14 [IV-IIIa]: θρήσασθαι πλατάνῳ γ\<ρ\> αίῃ ὕπο), usually rendered with `sit down'. But the original meaning must rather have been `support oneself (on)' v.t., if the word is cognate with θρόνος; θρᾶνος, θρῆνυς then "the support, the bearer". This analysis however is quite doubtful. The word is no doubt a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 1,678-679Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρᾶνος
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10 κᾱραβος
κά̄ραβοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: 1. `a prickly crustacean' (Epich., Ar., Arist.; cf. Thompson Fishes s. v.), metaph. a light canoo (EM); 2. `a horned beetle' (Arist.).Other forms: σκορόβυλος κάνθαρος H.Derivatives: καραβίς `kind of sea-crab' (Gal., Sch.), καράβιον = ἐφόλκιον (H. s. ἐφόλκια, sch.); prob. also καραβαία δίκρουν ξύλον H. (s. Grošelj Razprave 2, 11). - Beside it κηραφίς = καραβίς (Nic. Al. 394) (sec. after the names in - φ(ο)-; and epic language imitating η for α?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unknown; cf. Cohen BSL 27 (1927) 100, wo gives several similar Arabic words. Acc. to Bq s. v. - βος un-Greek (Macedonian) for Gr. - φος \< IE. - bho-. Fur. (index s.v.) connects several words; first there is καρβάρεοι κάραβοι; then there is a prenasalized form καράμβιος (Ar. Byz. Epit. 9, 11; v.l. Arist. HA 551b17), and κεράμβυξ s.v. (Nic. Fr. 39, H.) and κεράμβηλον Η. (- ηλο- is well known from Pre-Greek), which cannot be derived from κέρας (as Frisk suggests). He further posits *σκαραβαῖος on the basis of Lat. scarabaeus, which seems unavoidable. The form σκορόβυλος no doubt continues *σκαραβ-υλ-, where the α's turned to - ο- before the - υ- in the following syllable (Fur. 340 discusses the phenomenon, but did not see that it operated here); so here we have evidence for σκαραβ. Then there is γραψαῖος (Diph. Siph. ap. Ath. 3, 106d) = κάραβος, which he assumes to stand for *γαρψαῖος (doubtful, s.v.). Further s. on σκορπίος (which in my view does not belong here). It is clear that we have here a Pre-Greek word with several of its usual variants. So we have * (s)karab-. - From κάραβος Lat. cārabus `crab', `small boat' (with Rom., e. g. Fr. caravelle) and a Slavic word for `ship', e. g. Russ. koráblь; s. Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v. with lit. and crit.Page in Frisk: 1,785Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κᾱραβος
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11 νεβρός
Grammatical information: m., f.Meaning: `young of the deer, fawn' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in νεβρο-τόκος `bringing forth fawns' (Nic.).Derivatives: Several derivv, most poet. a. late 1. Subst.: νεβρίς, - ίδος f. `fawnskin' (E.) with νεβρίδ-ιον (Artem.) and νεβριζω `wear a fawnskin' (D. 18, 259, beside κρατηρίζω `drink a bowl', of the participants of a Dionysosfeast), νεβρισμός `wearing νεβρίς' (gramm.); νεβρῆ f. `id.' (Orph.); νεβρίας m. name of a shark ( γαλεός, Arist.; because of the colour, cf. Thompson Fishes s.v.), ἔλαφος νεβρίας H. s. λάδας; νέβρακες οἱ ἄρρενες νεοττοὶ τῶν ἀλεκτρυόνων H. (cf. σκύλαξ, πόρταξ and Chantraine Form. 379); νεβρίτης λίθος (Orph.), - ῖτις (Plin.), because of the colour (Redard 58). -- 2. Adj.: νέβρινος (S.), νέβρειος (Call., APl.) `of a fawn', νέβρειον name of the Pastinaca sativa (Ps.-Dsc.; Strömberg Wortstudien 50); νεβρώδης `fawnlike' (AP). -- 3. Verb: νεβρόομαι `be changed into a fawn' (Nonn.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: With νεβρός agrees exactly Arm. nerk, -oy `colour', if from IE *( s)negʷro-. It is derived from nerk-anem `colour', which has the form of a primary verb (aor. nerk-i). But the word for `deer' has nothing to do with it. Deer and hind are often called after their colour, e.g. πρόξ, προκάς `deer- or roe-like animal' to περκνός `speckled', πρεκνόν ποικιλόχροον ἔλαφον H. Also Lat. niger `black' has been compared; on the meaning cf. a.o. περκνός also `darkspotted, blackish' and Porzig Gliederung 167 (doubts in W.-Hofmann s.v.). But the meaning has nothing to do with `deer'. -- Diff. on nerk (backformation from primary nerkanem with a very complicated etymology) Belardi Ric. ling. 1, 147 f.; s. also Pagliaro Rend. Acc. Linc. 8: 16, 2 n. 6.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νεβρός
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12 ναῦς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `ship' (Il.; details on the inflection in Schwyzer 578, with Sommer Μνήμης χάριν 2, 142ff.).Other forms: (ep. Ion. νηῦς), νεώς ( νηός, νεός, Dor. ναός), νηΐ ( ναΐ), ναῦν ( νῆα, νέα), pl. νῆες ( νέες, νᾱ̃ες), νεῶν ( νηῶν, ναῶν), ναυσί ( νηυσί, νήεσσι), ναῦς ( νῆας, νέας).Compounds: Several compp., e.g. ναύ-αρχος `ship-commander' (IA.), νε-ώριον, νε-ωλκέω (s. v.); with dat. pl., e.g. ναυσί-κλυτος, - κλειτος `famous for his ship' (ep. poet. Od.; Leumann Hom. Wörter 37), ναυσί-πορος (X., Arist.) = ναύ-πορος (A., A. R.) `sailed by ships'; as 2. member a.o. in χιλιό-ναυς `consisting of thousand ships' (E., Str.); amalgamation with ία-suffix e.g. ( πεντεκαι-) δεκα-να-ΐα f. `fleet of fifteen\/ten ships' (Plb. resp. D.; Schulze Kl. Schr. 364). On ναυ-αγός, ναύ-κληρος s. v.Derivatives: A. νήϊος, Dor. νάϊος (Il.), νηΐτης (νῃ̃της?; s. Redard 12 a. 43 w. n. a. lit.; Th., A. R.) `consisting of ships, belonging to the ship'. -- B. ναύτης, Dor. - τας ( ναύστης pap. w. anal. - σ-; cf. Schwyzer 500) m. `sailer, ship-passenger', (Il.) with several derivv: 1. f. ναῦτις, - ιδος adjunct of γυναῖκες (Theopomp. Com.), ναύτρια (Ar.Fr.825; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 75; 2, 118); 2. ναυτ-εία f. `shipping' (hell. inscr. a. pap.), after στρατεία (: στρατεύω) a.o.; 3. ναυτ-ία (Arist., Aret.), Ion. ναυσίη (Semon.), `seasickness, disgust' (Scheller Oxytonierung 41) with ναυτι-ώδης `prone to seasickness, sickening' (medic., Plu.), ναυτ-ιάω `be seasick, be disgusted' (Att.; ναυτία partly backformation), - ιασμός = ναυτία (Hippiatr.); 4. ναυτ-ικός `consisting of seamen, nautical' also (referring to ναῦς) `nautical' (IA.; Chantraine Études 116ff.); 5. ναυτ-ίλος subst. m. a. adj. `shipper, seaman, nautical' (Hdt., trag.), also name of a mollusc, `paper nautilus, Argonauta argo' (Arist.; Thompson Fishes s.v.; on the formation Schwyzer 484 f., Chantraine Form. 248 f.); ναυτιλ-ία, - ίη `navigation, sea-journey' (θ 253; also connected with ναυτίλλομαι, Scheller Oxytonierung 35; cf. also Krarup Class. et Med. 10, 9), ναυτίλλομαι `be sailor, sail' (Od.); 6. Ναυτεύς m. PN (θ 112 beside πρυμνεύς; Wackernagel KZ 24, 297 = Kl. Schr. 758, Bosshardt 94). -- C. On ναῦλον and ναῦσθλον s. v.Etymology: Old IE word for `ship', which is also found in Indo-Iran., Armen., Lat., Celt., Germ. and Illyr. The original inflection is in Greek as in Skt. and in Lat. largely preserved, e.g. ναῦς = Skt. náuṣ, IE * neh₂u-s; νῆ(Ϝ)α = Skt. nā́vam (with analog. -m), Lat. nāv-em (to which nom. nāvis), IE *neh₂u̯-m̥; νῆ(Ϝ)ες = Skt. nā́vas, IE *neh₂u̯-es, νῆ(Ϝ)ας = Skt. nā́v-as, IE *neh₂u̯-n̥s etc. -- Forms from other languages: Iran., e.g. NPers. nāv, Arm. naw (iran. LW [loanword]?), Celt., e.g. OIr. nau, Germ., e.g. OWNo. nōr m., Illyr. ON Nau-na, Nau-portus. Details in Schwyzer 578, W.-Hofmann s. nāvis, Mayrhofer s. náuḥ, Wackernagel -Debrunner III 217ff. On the laryngeals Szemerenyi KZ 73, 185ff. -- Lat. LW [loanword] nauta, nausea.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ναῦς
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13 πίμπρημι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to blow (on), to blow up, to stoke up, to kindle, to burn' (Il.).Other forms: Inf. - άναι (IA.), also - άω (X., Plb.), ipf. ἐν-έπρηθον (I 589), fut. πρήσω, aor. πρῆσαι (Il.), pass. aor. πρησθῆναι, perf. πέπρησμαι, - ημαι (IA., also Epid.), perf. act. πέπρηκα (Hp.).Compounds: Often w. prefix, esp. ἐν-.Derivatives: 1. πρηστήρ, - ῆρος m. `heavy gale, hurricane, sparking bolt, lightning' (Hes.), also `bellows, jugular' and name of a snake that causes inflammation (Arist., Ds.; Fraenkel IF 32, 108 f. a. 120) with πρηστηριάζω `to burn by lightning' (Hdn. Epim.); ἐμπρηστής m. `incendiary' (Aq., Ptol.). 2. πρῆσις (mostly ἔμ-πίμπρημι) f. `blowing up, ignation, inflammation' (IA., Aret.); 3. ἐμπρησμός m. `ignation, inflammation' (hell.); 4. πρῆσμα n., - μονή f. `id.' (Gal., Hippiatr.); παραπρή(σ)ματα n. pl. `inflammations on the legs of horses' (pap.). 5. πρηστικός `blowing up' (Hp. ap. Gal.). Also 6. πρηδών, - όνος f. `inflammatory swelling' (Nic., Aret.; Chantraine Form. 361) and, with μ-suffix, πρημαίνω `blowing intensively' (Ar. Nu. 336 [lyr.], Herod.), πρημονάω about `to snore, to roar' (Herod.), as from *πρῆ-μα, *πρη-μονή. -- As 2. member in βού-πρηστις, - ιδος. - εως f. "inflammatress of cows" name of a poisonous insect (Hp.); on the formation cf. βού-βρωστις. On the simplex πρῆστις, which a.o. is attested as fishname beside πρίστις, s. Strömberg Fischn. 44 w. lit., also Thompson Fishes s. v.Etymology: The series πίμπρημι: πιμπράναι: πρήσω: πρῆσαι: πρησθῆναι: πρήθω agrees exactly to that of πίμπλημι: πιμπλάναι etc.; s.v. and Schwyzer 688f., 703 a. 761 w. further details. How the individual forms are to be evaluated and how the system was formed, cannot be reconstructed as there are no agreeing forms outside Greek. For comparison many words with pr- have been adduced, e.g. Skt. próthati `cough, sneeze', pruṣṇóti `sprinkle', Germ., e.g. OWNo. frūsa, frysa, Swed. frusta `sneeze', Hitt. parāi- ( prāi-?) `breathe, blow, stir up'. Orig. onomatop. as still (with retained pr-) LG. prusten. -- Several further forms w. lit. in Bq s. v., WP. 2, 27 f., Pok. 809.Page in Frisk: 2,538-539Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πίμπρημι
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14 Νηρεύς
Νηρεύς, -έωςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: Sea-god, son of Pontos and Gaia (h. Ap. 319, Hes. Th. 233 a. 240).Other forms: Ion. - ῆος.Derivatives: Νηρεῖος in Νηρεῖα τέκνα = `fishes' (Euphro 8, 2) and Νήρειον, - άδιον = δελφίνιον, plantname (Ps.-Dsc.) [referring also to νηρόν `(fresh) water' (s.v.)? improbable. -- Besides Νηρηΐς, - εΐς, pl. - ίδες f. `Nereids, seanymphs' (Il.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: As Νηρεύς has only relevance as father of the Nereiden (v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 219, Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 240) (in Hom. prob. mentioned as ἅλιος γέρων), we hould consider with Bosshardt 122, whether the father was called afters his daughters. He may also be indicated as Πρωτεύς (West ad Hes. Th. 233). As basis of Νηρη-(Ϝ)ίδ- also other stems have been considered beside Νηρεύς; cf. Schwyzer 465, Chantraine Form. 345 f. -- Fick 1, 503 referred to Lith. nérti `submerge', s. Fraenkel Sybaris 40 f., Wb. s. nérti 1. To be considered further νηρίδας τὰς κοίλας πέτρας and νηρόν τὸ ταπεινόν H.(?) -- Diff. Schulze Q. 475, Brugmann Sächs. Ges. Ber. 1899, 213: from *σνᾱϜερο- to νάω `well, stream'; noncommittal attempts. -- Cf. WP. 2, 693 f.; also Kretschmer Glotta 15, 64. An IE etymology seems hardly to be expected; as the ending suggests the word will be Pre-Greek.See also: s. νάω.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Νηρεύς
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15 ἔγχελυς
ἔγχελυς, - υος etc.Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `eel' (Il.).Derivatives: Dimin. ἐγχελύδιον (middle comedy), ἐγχελεών, - υών `eel-trap' (Arist.), ἐγχέλειος `of an eel', mostly subst. ntr. (pl.), scil. κρέα, τεμάχη etc. (com.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: ἔγχελυς recalls other words for eel, Lat. anguilla, Lith. ungurỹs etc., but no IE form can be reconstructed. Acc. to an old interpretation ἔγχελυς is a cross of ἔχις and a word like Lat. anguis (from which anguilla) `snake'. Note further Lesb. ἴμβηρις ἔγχελυς. Μηθυμναῖοι H, beside which you have λέβηρις `skin of a snake. The words are no doubt non-IE. - Pok. 43ff. Thompson Fishes s. v.; also Strömberg Fischnamen 10ff.Page in Frisk: 1,439-440Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔγχελυς
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